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Home » Technologies Supported » Certificate Authority

Certificate Authority

Certificate Authority is a service that issues and manages electronic credentials or certificates in a public key infrastructure (PKI). PKI is a system of digital certificates, CAs that verify and authenticate the validity of each party that is involved in an electronic transaction through the use of public key cryptography. They are being widely implemented as a necessary element of electronic commerce.

Certification authority (CA) certificates are certificates issued by a CA to itself or to a second CA for the purpose of creating a defined relationship between the two CAs. A certificate that is issued by a CA to itself is referred to as a trusted root certificate because it is intended to establish a point of ultimate trust for a CA hierarchy. Once the trusted root has been established, it can be used to authorize subordinate CAs to issue certificates on its behalf. Although the relationship between CAs is most commonly hierarchical, CA certificates can also be used to establish trust relationships between CAs in two different public key infrastructure (PKI) hierarchies. In all of these cases, the CA certificate is critical to defining the certificate path and usage restrictions for all end entity certificates issued for use in the PKI.

The PKI-enabled technologies supported by Windows Server 2003 and 2008 provide a foundation for the following technologies and their associated business benefits:

  • Digital signatures. Establish non-repudiation, which is the ability to guarantee the authenticity of the sender.
  • Smart card usage. Provides two-factor authentication for smart card logon. Two-factor authentication requires a user to present a physical object (the smart card, which contains a chip that stores a digital certificate and the user's private key) plus a password or PIN in order to access network resources.
  • Secure e-mail. Services such as Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) provide confidential communication, data integrity, and non-repudiation for e-mails.
  • Software code signing. Authenticode technology allows software publishers to digitally sign any form of active content, including multiple-file archives. These signatures can be used to verify both the identity of the content publisher and the integrity of the content at the time of download.
  • Internet Protocol Security (IPSec). A suite of protocols that allows encrypted and digitally signed communication between two computers or between a computer and a router over a public network.
  • 802.11. Provides centralized user identification, authentication, dynamic key management, and accounting to provide authenticated network access to 802. wireless networks and wired Ethernet networks.
  • Encrypting file system. Supports encryption and decryption of files and folders.
  • Secure Web Connections using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). These protocols provide server and client authentication through a secured communications channel over public networks such as the Internet. Wireless versions of these protocols such as Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) can be used to enhance the security of wireless networks.
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